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Yoghurt Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 16 Studies of the StoP Consortium.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, ISPRO, 50139 Florence, Italy. Mexico National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico. EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal. Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal. Information management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39005 Santander, Spain. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez (ISABIAL-UMH), 03202 Alicante, Spain. Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil. Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán 04510, Mexico. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan. Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA. Hellenic Health Foundation, 11527 Athens, Greece. 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Haidari, Greece. Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Nutrients. 2023;(8)
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Yoghurt can modify gastrointestinal disease risk, possibly acting on gut microbiota. Our study aimed at exploring the under-investigated association between yoghurt and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We pooled data from 16 studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total yoghurt intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires. We calculated study-specific odds ratios (ORs) of GC and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for increasing categories of yoghurt consumption using univariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. A two-stage analysis, with a meta-analysis of the pooled adjusted data, was conducted. RESULTS The analysis included 6278 GC cases and 14,181 controls, including 1179 cardia and 3463 non-cardia, 1191 diffuse and 1717 intestinal cases. The overall meta-analysis revealed no association between increasing portions of yoghurt intake (continuous) and GC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.02). When restricting to cohort studies, a borderline inverse relationship was found (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99). The adjusted and unadjusted OR were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.73-0.84) for any vs. no yoghurt consumption and GC risk. The OR for 1 category of increase in yoghurt intake was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.02) for cardia, 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.07) for non-cardia, 1.12 (95% CI = 1.07-1.19) for diffuse and 1.02 (95% CI = 0.97-1.06) for intestinal GC. No effect was seen within hospital-based and population-based studies, nor in men or women. CONCLUSIONS We found no association between yoghurt and GC in the main adjusted models, despite sensitivity analyses suggesting a protective effect. Additional studies should further address this association.

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Publication Type : Meta-Analysis

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